All individuals with Chudley-McCullough syndrome have congenital or childhood-onset hearing loss and some structural changes in the brain. Most children with severe-to-profound hearing loss who are cochlear implant recipients can attain levels of social functioning and education similar to those of normal-hearing peers. Despite the brain differences, many have normal development and intelligence. A small number might experience learning challenges or seizures. Some may also have increased brain fluid or cysts that may or may not cause problems.