CHD4

Clinical Characteristics

The clinical characteristics of SIHIWES based on a cohort of 31 individuals include:

  • Developmental delay (almost all participants)
  • Intellectual disability (85%)
  • Hypotonia (50%)
  • Macrocephaly (50%)
  • Congenital heart anomalies (57%)
  • Ophthalmic abnormalities (41%)
  • Conductive or sensorineural hearing loss (33%)
  • Limb or skeletal anomalies (26%)
  • Hypogonadism (65% of males)
  • Growth hormone deficiency in three participants.
  • Brain anomalies such as ventriculomegaly, hydrocephalus, chiari 1 and corpus callosum dysgenesis are found in 96% of individuals undergoing brain MRI.
  • Two individuals were report with moyamoya disease with a congenital stroke or during infancy.
  • Most patients have similar dysmorphic features: a high and broad forehead, wide spaced eyes, periorbital fullness, a short nose, small or dysmorphic helices and a squared face.